Microscopic analysis of reconstructed maxillary alveolar ridges using autogenous bone grafts from the chin and iliac crest.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to histologically analyze the bone repair of maxillary areas reconstructed with autogenous bone grafts using 2 different donor sites, the ilium and the chin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens were retrieved with trephine burs positioned transversely in augmented ridges 4 months after placement of the grafts. To analyze bone conditions, a histomorphometric study of ground sections was performed using a special template to identify 3 specific regions of the specimens: cortical bone, cancellous bone, and the region of transition between the alveolar ridge and the graft. Ten patients, 5 men and 5 women, with a mean age of 47 years (range 28 to 67) were evaluated. RESULTS Results indicated good incorporation of the grafts in this period, demonstrated by intense osteogenesis indicating an active remodeling process. DISCUSSION In both groups, the improvement in bone quality of the receptor site was evident, independent of the size of the reconstruction, although chin grafts presented better bone quality. CONCLUSIONS From this study it was possible to conclude that a period of 4 months is sufficient for the placement of osseointegrated implants in reconstructed areas, where chin or iliac autogenous grafts have been used.